The word Gethsemane is made up either of two Hebrew words, signifying "valley of fatness" - that is, a fertile valley; or of two words, signifying "an olive-press." The garden itself was located on the western foot of the Mount of Olives and was less than fifty-seven yards square in area.
It was in the garden of Gethsemane that Jesus, after the Last Supper, was betrayed by Judas and arrested. It was this arrest that led to his crucifixion and death.
Sources:
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible
Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge.
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